Ruofan Xu is a doctoral student at Peking Union Medical College, conducting his research in the Department of Neurology at Beijing Hospital. His work focuses on neuroimmunology and the mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis, particularly the role of meningeal macrophages in blood–brain barrier dysfunction and sustained central nervous system inflammation. By combining single-cell analysis, molecular approaches, and experimental disease models, he investigates how immune–vascular interactions contribute to disease progression. His broader research interests include brain–immune communication and chronic neuroinflammation, with the goal of identifying new therapeutic strategies for progressive multiple sclerosis.