6th Edition of Neurology World Conference 2026

Abstract

Background: Aging is one of the significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, age-linked cellular events and immune responses which correlate with AD onset and progression remain incompletely understood.
Methods: To unravel relationships between immunity, cell signaling, and aging composite, hippocampal immune transcriptome and regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers and function in blood, spleen, and lymph nodes were assessed by RT2 Profiler Mouse Innate and Adaptive Immune Array and flow cytometric analysis, respectively, in transgenic APP/PS1 mice at 4, 6, 12, and 20 months.
Results: Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) comparisons demonstrated significant enrichment in inflammatory, oxidative, and cellular activation pathways. These included triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), Th1, NF-κB, IL-17, nitric oxide production, acute phase responses, and T cell receptor signaling. Each of these pathways was reduced at 6 months while increased at 12 months. At 20 months, TREM1, pro-inflammatory factors, and NF-κB signaling pathways were increased. We also observed a diminished Treg immunosuppressive function at 6 and 12 months with a restoration of partial immunosuppression at 20 months.
Conclusion: These inflammatory, oxidative stress and Treg immunosuppressive signatures were linked to progressive AD pathologies and potentially represent targets for immunotherapy in AD.